MLA Formatting Quotations,Two Ways to Cite Your Sources In-text
WebMLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect WebMLA Formatting and Style Guide; MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics; MLA Formatting Lists MLA Formatting Quotations; MLA Endnotes and Footnotes; MLA Works Cited Page: WebAccording to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your WebSummary: MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to WebProper citation of sources is a two-part process. You must also cite, in the body of your essay, the source your paraphrased information or where directly quoted material came ... read more
MLA is a style of documentation that may be applied to many different types of writing. Since texts have become increasingly digital, and the same document may often be found in several different sources, following a set of rigid rules no longer suffices. Thus, the current system is based on a few guiding principles, rather than an extensive list of specific rules. While the handbook still describes how to cite sources, it is organized according to the process of documentation, rather than by the sources themselves. This gives writers a flexible method that is near-universally applicable. Once you are familiar with the method, you can use it to document any type of source, for any type of paper, in any field. When deciding how to cite your source, start by consulting the list of core elements.
These are the general pieces of information that MLA suggests including in each Works Cited entry. In your citation, the elements should be listed in the following order:. Each element should be followed by the corresponding punctuation mark shown above. Earlier editions of the handbook included the place of publication and required different punctuation such as journal editions in parentheses and colons after issue numbers depending on the type of source. In the current version, punctuation is simpler only commas and periods separate the elements , and information about the source is kept to the basics. End this element with a period. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. Routledge, Depending upon the type of source, it should be listed in italics or quotation marks.
Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. MacMurray, An individual webpage should be in quotation marks. The name of the parent website, which MLA treats as a "container," should follow in italics:. Lundman, Susan. Bagchi, Alaknanda. A song or piece of music on an album should be in quotation marks. The name of the album should then follow in italics:. The eighth edition of the MLA handbook introduced what are referred to as "containers," which are the larger wholes in which the source is located. For example, if you want to cite a poem that is listed in a collection of poems, the individual poem is the source, while the larger collection is the container. The title of the container is usually italicized and followed by a comma, since the information that follows next describes the container.
Kincaid, Jamaica. Wise, DeWanda. Accessed 3 June In some cases, a container might be within a larger container. You might have read a book of short stories on Google Books , or watched a television series on Netflix. You might have found the electronic version of a journal on JSTOR. It is important to cite these containers within containers so that your readers can find the exact source that you used. Netflix, www. Langhamer, Claire. ProQuest, doi Accessed 27 May In addition to the author, there may be other contributors to the source who should be credited, such as editors, illustrators, translators, etc. If their contributions are relevant to your research, or necessary to identify the source, include their names in your documentation. Foucault, Michel.
Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Translated by Richard Howard , Vintage-Random House, Woolf, Virginia. Annotated and with an introduction by Vara Neverow, Harcourt, Inc. The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Oxford UP, Crowley, Sharon, and Debra Hawhee. Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. If a source is part of a numbered sequence, such as a multi-volume book or journal with both volume and issue numbers, those numbers must be listed in your citation. Dolby, Nadine. Accessed 20 May Institutio Oratoria. Translated by H. Butler, vol. The publisher produces or distributes the source to the public.
Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine. Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Artchive, www. Accessed May Women's Health: Problems of the Digestive System. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. MLA Modern Language Association style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook 9 th ed. According to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper.
All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text. Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name or, for entire edited collections, editor names. Author names are written with the last name first, then the first name, and then the middle name or middle initial when needed:. Do not list titles Dr. or degrees PhD, MA, DDS, etc. with names. A book listing an author named "John Bigbrain, PhD" appears simply as "Bigbrain, John. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as "King, Martin Luther, Jr. If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for every entry after the first:. When an author or collection editor appears both as the sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list solo-author entries first:.
Note for Purdue Students: Schedule a consultation at the on-campus writing lab to get more in-depth writing help from one of our tutors. This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. MLA Modern Language Association style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook 9 th ed. The following overview should help you better understand how to cite sources using MLA 9 th edition, including how to format the Works Cited page and in-text citations.
Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in MLA. See also our MLA vidcast series on the Purdue OWL YouTube Channel. Note: For more information about services for the Purdue University community, including one-to-one consultations, ESL conversation groups and workshops, please visit the Writing Lab site. MLA is a style of documentation that may be applied to many different types of writing. Since texts have become increasingly digital, and the same document may often be found in several different sources, following a set of rigid rules no longer suffices.
Thus, the current system is based on a few guiding principles, rather than an extensive list of specific rules. While the handbook still describes how to cite sources, it is organized according to the process of documentation, rather than by the sources themselves. This gives writers a flexible method that is near-universally applicable. Once you are familiar with the method, you can use it to document any type of source, for any type of paper, in any field. When deciding how to cite your source, start by consulting the list of core elements. These are the general pieces of information that MLA suggests including in each Works Cited entry. In your citation, the elements should be listed in the following order:.
Each element should be followed by the corresponding punctuation mark shown above. Earlier editions of the handbook included the place of publication and required different punctuation such as journal editions in parentheses and colons after issue numbers depending on the type of source. In the current version, punctuation is simpler only commas and periods separate the elements , and information about the source is kept to the basics. End this element with a period. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. Routledge, Depending upon the type of source, it should be listed in italics or quotation marks. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. MacMurray, An individual webpage should be in quotation marks. The name of the parent website, which MLA treats as a "container," should follow in italics:.
Lundman, Susan. Bagchi, Alaknanda. A song or piece of music on an album should be in quotation marks. The name of the album should then follow in italics:. The eighth edition of the MLA handbook introduced what are referred to as "containers," which are the larger wholes in which the source is located. For example, if you want to cite a poem that is listed in a collection of poems, the individual poem is the source, while the larger collection is the container. The title of the container is usually italicized and followed by a comma, since the information that follows next describes the container.
Kincaid, Jamaica. Wise, DeWanda. Accessed 3 June In some cases, a container might be within a larger container. You might have read a book of short stories on Google Books , or watched a television series on Netflix. You might have found the electronic version of a journal on JSTOR. It is important to cite these containers within containers so that your readers can find the exact source that you used. Netflix, www. Langhamer, Claire. ProQuest, doi Accessed 27 May In addition to the author, there may be other contributors to the source who should be credited, such as editors, illustrators, translators, etc. If their contributions are relevant to your research, or necessary to identify the source, include their names in your documentation. Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason.
Translated by Richard Howard , Vintage-Random House, Woolf, Virginia. Annotated and with an introduction by Vara Neverow, Harcourt, Inc. The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Oxford UP, Crowley, Sharon, and Debra Hawhee. Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. If a source is part of a numbered sequence, such as a multi-volume book or journal with both volume and issue numbers, those numbers must be listed in your citation. Dolby, Nadine. Accessed 20 May Institutio Oratoria. Translated by H. Butler, vol. The publisher produces or distributes the source to the public. Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine. Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Artchive, www. Accessed May Women's Health: Problems of the Digestive System. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Daniels, Greg and Michael Schur, creators.
Parks and Recreation. Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, The same source may have been published on more than one date, such as an online version of an original source. For example, a television series might have aired on a broadcast network on one date, but released on Netflix on a different date. When the source has more than one date, it is sufficient to use the date that is most relevant to your writing. Below is a general citation for this television episode:. However, if you are discussing, for example, the historical context in which the episode originally aired, you should cite the full date.
Adiche, Chimamanda Ngozi. Knopf, , pp. The location of an online work should include a URL. Wheelis, Mark. Accessed 8 Feb. When citing a physical object that you experienced firsthand, identify the place of location. Matisse, Henri. The Swimming Pool. The ninth edition is designed to be as streamlined as possible. The author should include any information that helps readers easily identify the source, without including unnecessary information that may be distracting. If a source has been published on more than one date, the writer may want to include both dates if it will provide the reader with necessary or helpful information.
Erdrich, Louise. Love Medicine. Perennial-Harper,
MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format,Paper Format
WebMLA Formatting and Style Guide; MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics; MLA Formatting Lists MLA Formatting Quotations; MLA Endnotes and Footnotes; MLA Works Cited Page: WebProper citation of sources is a two-part process. You must also cite, in the body of your essay, the source your paraphrased information or where directly quoted material came WebMLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect WebAccording to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your WebSummary: MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to ... read more
Secure backup Your work is saved automatically after every change and stored securely in your Scribbr account. How to cite in MLA format MLA is one of the most common citation styles used by students and academics. With more and more scholarly work published on the Internet, you may have to cite sources you found in digital environments. How do I format a paper in MLA style? Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. Read our article on writing strong titles that are informative, striking and appropriate. Tables are labeled and numbered, along with a descriptive title.
New to MLA 9th edition, there are now steps to take for citing works by an author or authors using a pseudonym, stage-name, or different name. From its birth in the late nineteenth century, progressive education has wrestled with the conflict within industrial society between pressure to increase specialization of knowledge and of professional work upholding disciplinary standards and pressure to integrate more fully an ever-widening number of citizens into intellectually meaningful activity within mass society promoting social equity. Henley, essay mla citation, Patricia. When an author or collection editor appears both as essay mla citation sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list solo-author entries first:. Alonso, Alvaro, essay mla citation, and Julio A. The in-text citation is a brief reference within your text that indicates the source you consulted.
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